Water Harvesting and Recharge Structures in the Yavatmal District

According to a study by Institute for Sustainable Communities, water security in the Yavatmal district could be at risk if steps are not taken to revive and renovate water harvesting and recharge structures. Using various mapping tools, undertaking field visits, and interacting with communities, the report has assessed the current state of the structures and their effectiveness in recharging or storing water. Water bodies with more than 0.3 hectares have been mapped as part of the study.

“The main aspect of the research was to ascertain whether the water harvesting and storage structures in the Yavatmal district have been constructed in appropriate locations to be effective for groundwater recharge or surface storage. A total of 686 structures comprising check dams (204 nos.), percolation tanks (211 nos.), ponds (175 nos.), water storage tanks, and reservoirs (96 nos.) were mapped across the district, with an indication of their location across recharge or discharge areas,” said Romit Sen, Associate Director – Water & Agriculture Program at ISC. 

The research findings indicate that more than 40% of the check dams have been constructed in discharge areas. Considering that the central role of building check dams is to enhance groundwater recharge, their construction in discharge areas does not serve the purpose. Furthermore, the study highlights that more than 35% of the check dams, and 32% of the percolation tanks, are either damaged or encroached. Communities have pointed towards the poor operation and maintenance of the structures as a primary reason for the current state. 

Therefore, it is recommended that a comprehensive plan for repair, renovation, and reconstruction of the water harvesting and recharge structures is developed for the district to ensure the long-term availability and sustainability of water resources. This should include a plan to ensure their maintenance, involving the engagement of the Gram Panchayat and the village communities. Emphasis should be given to repairing and renovating the check dams and percolation tanks in the recharge areas and the ponds in the discharge areas to ensure long-term water security for the Yavatmal district. 

“The analysis and findings will help prioritize the revival efforts of the various water harvesting and storage structures in Yavatmal,” said Vivek P Adhia, Country Director-India, Institute for Sustainable Communities. “It will help decision-makers plan for augmenting water resources in the district,” added Vivek, emphasizing the need for community participation and creating mechanisms for effective operation and maintenance.